Haber, Sonja B. - Secretary 1978; Secretary/ Treasurer 1979-81; Member 1989
Personal:
1989- 1976 Brookhaven National Laboratory (1976-(1989), research assoc.
in population genetics 1976-78, asst. scientist to Scientist 1978-84,
Scientist 1984-(1989))
Source: SB 1978-81; SCI 1980-85; AMWS 1989
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hamburg, Beatrix A. - Director 1983; v.p. 1984-90
Personal:
1992 Pres., W. T. Grant Foundation (see D. Jenness); Harvard Medical
School 1983
Publications:
1989 "Research on child and adolescent mental disorders", Science, v.
246, Nov. 10, 1989, p. 738; 1986 School-age pregnancy and parenthood:
biosocial dimensions. (ed., w/ Jane B. Lancaster q.v.), sponsored by the
Social Science Research Council (see Kenneth Prewitt, Lonnie Sherrod
q.v.), New York, Aldine De Gruyter; 1984 "Adolescent pregnancy:
biobehavioral determinants of outcome", Journal of Pediatrics, Dec., v.
105 (6), p. 857; 1980 Behavioral and psychosocial issues in diabetes,
Proc. of national conference in Madison, Wisconsin sponsored by National
Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases, DHHS, Public
Health Service, National Institutes of Health No. 80-1993
Source: SB 1983-90
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hammons, Helen; Exec. Sec. 1951-60; editor, Eugenical News and Eugenics
Quarterly 1951-60; Director 1959-67; managing editor 1959-62 and
contributing editor 1963-64, Eugenics Quarterly
Personal:
1967-51 New York City.
Publications:
1960 "Evolution and the Phenomenon of Man", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 7, no.
2; 1960-1951, editor, Eugenical News and Eugenics Quarterly; 1959
Heredity Counseling. (Ed.), Symposium held at New York Academy of
Medicine; 1956 Heredity Counseling: its services and centers. (for
doctors, nurses, public health workers, social workers, family life
counselors, parents.) American Eugenics Society
Source: EQ 1956, 1959-67
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Herndon, Dr. C. Nash - Director 1950-52; President 1953-55; Director
1956-72; Member 1974
Personal:
MD; Geneticist, Bowman Gray School of Medicine 1953-72; Member, American
Society of Human Genetics 1954
Publications:
1954 "Intelligence in Family Groups in the Blue Ridge Mountains",
Eugenics Quarterly, p. 53 ff
Source: EN 1953; EQ 1954-68; SB 1969-72; Membership list, American
Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; Osborne list
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Heston MD, Leonard - Member 1974, 1989; v.p. 1982-83
Personal:
b. 1930; MD 1961 Univ. of Oregon; MRC, Psychiatric Genetics Research
Unit, London, England (see English Eugenics Society); Univ. of Minnesota
(1970-(1989), Prof. of Psychiatry 1974-(1989)); Alzheimer and Related
Disease Assn. (National Council)
Publications:
The Vanishing Mind w/ June White; 1976 "Genetic Counseling and the
Presenile Dementias", Social Biology, v. 23, 2
Source: 1982-83; Osborne list; AMWS 1989
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Holmes, Prof. Samuel J. - Pres., 1938-40
Personal:
Professor of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California;
Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954
Publications:
1936 Eugenical News, Advisory Board; Studies in Evolution and Eugenics.
1932; A Bibliography of Eugenics. 1924; The Trend of the Race. 1921
Quote:
--Race and Immigration:
rather than Nordics "who made up the bulk of our immigration before
1880, we have been receiving hordes of Poles, Southern Italians,
Greeks, Russians, especially Russian Jews, Hungarians, Slovaks,
and other southern Europeans - stocks less closely related to us
by blood than the Northern Europeans and less readily imbued with
the spirit of our institutions" Studies in Evolution and
Eugenics. quoted in Chase p. 605
(Compare with Eva Hubback of the English Eugenics Society
in her post war book, The Population of Great Britain. (1947, Penguin).
"In order to ensure that those who come [immigrate to Great Britain]
will make desirable citizens ... great care must be taken in the future
to see that only those are admitted who are physically and mentally sound
and free from any criminal record. The most desirable type will be ...
from countries the background of which will make it comparatively easy
for them to be assimilated ... Undoubtedly, the types of immigrant who
could be most easily assimilated would be those from the countries of
Northern Europe. But ... The bulk of any possible immigrants from Europe
are ... likely to be drawn from Italy and the Eastern European states ...
More difficult problems will be aroused by ... immigration from ... India
or China ... Even though their nationals may not actually be excluded -
particularly Indians who are fellow citizens of the Empire - still, it is
unlikely that they will be positively encouraged, at least so long as
there are strains nearer home from which to draw." (The Population of
Great Britain. pp. 245, 246)
Background:
Index Catalogue of the Surgeon General's Office, United States Army:
Authors and Subjects. 1880-1961 (eugenic literature cataloged here)
Source: EN 1940; EN 1946 December p. 51; Chase; Membership list, American
Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; EN, May/June 1936
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Huntington, Ellsworth - Treas. 1933-34; Pres., 1934-38; Director 1939-46
Personal:
b. 1876, Illinois; d. 1947; PhD; geographer; studied climate and
civilization; taught Euphrates College, Turkey 1897-1901; traveled
through Central Asia 1903-06; taught at Yale University 1907-17; led Yale
expedition to Palestine 1909; research associate of the Carnegie
Institution, Washington, D.C. 1910-13 (climate studies in United States,
Mexico and Central America (climate and land forms, history, and
civilization); Research Associate in Geography, Yale University 1940-46;
Citizens Committee for Planned Parenthood 1939
Publications:
1945 Mainsprings of Civilization. ; Editorial Committee, Eugenical News
1942-45; Advisory Board, Eugenical News 1936; Birth Control Review,
Consulting Editor 1939; The Human Habitat. 1927; Civilization and
Climate. 1915 (rev Ed 1924); Palestine and Its Transformations. 1911; The
Pulse of Asia. 1907
Source: EN 1940-46, EN 1946 December p. 51; "Ellsworth Huntington"
Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition 1987; BCR, April and November 1939;
EN, May/June 1936
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jenness, David - Secretary 1976, 1977, 1992; Member 1974
Background:
The Society's address has in the past been that of the Secretary. In
1991 the Society's address was 515 Madison Ave., New York, Y, NY
10022-5403; Society income was $45,764; Employee Insurance # was
131661611; however by 1993 the Society was not listed on the building
directory at 515 Madison Ave. The W. T. Grant Foundation, whose
president, Beatrix Hamburg, has been a Society officer, is at this
address; Planned Parenthood-World Population has used this address.
Source: SB 1976, 1977; National Directory of Non Profit Organizations,
Vol. 2, Pub. Taft Group, Rockville, MD. 1992; Osborne list
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Johnson, Roswell H. - Pres., 1926-27; Director 1926-32; Sec. 1928-31;
Treas. 1928; Member 1956
Personal:
Hollywood California, 1956
Publications:
1918 Applied Eugenics w/ Paul Popenoe q.v.
Source: AESM 1926, 1928, 1929, 1931; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; EN 1946
December p. 51; EQ 1956
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Judy-Bond, Prof. Helen - Secretary 1946; Director 1947-57
Personal:
Professor of Home Economics, Columbia University 1947-57
Source: EN 1947-53; EQ 1954-57
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kidd, Prof. Kenneth K. - Director 1978-80, 1983-85; v.p. 1991-1993
Personal:
b. 1941, California; Yale University School of Medicine (1973-; assoc.
prof of human genetics 1978-81, assoc. prof. of human genetics and
psychiatry 1981-86; Professor of human genetics, psychiatry, and biology
1986-); PhD (Genetics) Univ. of Wisconsin 1969; editorial board, Journal
of Genetics 1986- and Journal Genomic 1987-; Member: Genetics Society of
America, Society for the Study of Evolution, American Society of Human
Genetics, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Behavioral
Genetics Association
Publications:
1992 "Forensic DNA typing" w/ R. Lewontin q.v. et al, Science, v. 255,
Feb. 28, p. 1050; 1991 "The utility of DNA typing in forensic work", w/
Ranajit Chakraborty, Science, v. 254, Dec. 20, p. 1735; "Mapping the
Human Genome: current status", Science, Oct. 12, v. 250, p. 237; 1980
"The Effects of Variable Age of Onset and Diagnostic Criteria on the
Estimates of Linkage: An Example Using Manic Depressive Illness and Color
Blindness", Social Biology, v. 27, 1
Background:
1987 "Gene link found for two major mental disorders (Manic depression
and Alzheimers')" by Rebecca Rawls, Chemical and Engineering News, v. 65,
March 9, p. 15
Source: SB 1978-80, 1983-85, 1991, 1993; AMWS 1992
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kirk, Dudley - Pres. 1969-72; Director 1956-75; Treasurer 1974
(Winter)-1978
Personal:
b. 1913; MA Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy 1935; PhD (sociology)
Harvard 1946; Office of Population Research, Princeton 1939-47; US Dept.
of State (demographer, office of intelligence research 1947-50; sociology
advisor 1950-52; chief, division of research for Near East, South Asia,
Africa 1952; chief planning officer, research and intelligence 1953-54;
Demographic Director, The Population Council 1954-68 (followed by W. P.
Mauldin q.v.); Stanford University (Food Research Institute 1969-75);
Population Association (Pres. 1960)
Publications:
1990 book review of World Population Trends and Their Impact on Economic
Development by D. Salvatore in Economic Development and Cultural Change,
v. 39, Oct. 1990, p. 205; 1968 "Selective Mating, Assortative Mating,
and Inbreeding: Definitions and Implications", w/ R. Lewontin q.v. and J.
Crow q.v., Eugenics Quarterly, v. 15:141 (Background explanation:
"assortative mating does not change gene frequency, whereas selective
mating does" from H. C. Spencer, Social Biology 1992, v. 39, p. 310);
1967 Europe's Population in the Interwar Years., (1st edition 1946), New
York, Gordon and Breach; 1966 "Demographic Factors Affecting the
Opportunity for Natural Selection in the US", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 13,
3; 1966 "Notes at the conclusion of the Second Princeton Conference",
Eugenics Quarterly 13:147-51; 1957 "The fertility of a gifted group: A
study of the number of children reported by men in Who's Who", in The
Nature and Transmission of the Genetic and Cultural Characteristics of
Human Populations. Milbank Memorial Fund; 1955 "Dynamics of Human
Populations", Eugenics Quarterly; 1944 Principles of Political
Geography;; 1944 The Future Population of Europe and the Soviet Union:
population projections, 1940-70., w/ F. Notestein q.v., Ansley Coale q.v.
and others (Geneva, League of Nations)
Source: EQ 1956-68; SB 1969-72, 1974-1978; Osborne list; AMWS 11th ed.
1967
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kiser, Clyde V. - Director 1958-63; Pres., 1964-68; Director 1969-71;
Member 1974
Personal:
Milbank Memorial Fund 1958-63, 1969-71
Publications:
1975 The Milbank Memorial Fund: Its Leaders and Its Work 1905-74. New
York, The Fund; "Forty Years of Research in Human Fertility - Retrospect
and Prospect" New York 1971 Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, v. 49, no.
4, pt. 2; Demographic Aspects of the Black Community. (Ed.) 1970, 43rd
Conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund held at Carnegie Endowment
International Center, (Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, v. 48, no. 2, pt.
2); Trends and Variations in Fertility in the United States. 1968 w/
Wilson Grabill and Arthur Campbell, Harvard University Press; "Types of
demographic data of possible relevance to population genetics" 1965
Eugenics Quarterly 12:72-84; Research in Family Planning. 1962 (Ed.),
Princeton University Press; "Differential Fertility in the United States"
1960 in Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries. Princeton
Univ. Press; "Current Mating and Fertility Patterns and their demographic
significance" 1959 Eugenics Quarterly 6:65-82; Social and Psychological
Factors Affecting Fertility. Ed w/ P.K. Whelpton) New York, Milbank
Memorial Fund, 1946-58, (reprinted from Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly
v. 21, no. 3 - v. 36, no. 3, July 1943-July 1958); The Fertility of
American Women. 1958 w/ P.K. Whelpton q.v.; "Exploration of possibilities
for new studies of factors affecting the size of the family" 1953 Milbank
Memorial Foundation Quarterly 31, 436-480; "The Indianapolis Fertility
Study - an example of planned observational research" 1953-54 Public
Opinion Quarterly 17, 496-510 ("the aims, scope and methods of the study
of Social and Psychological Factors Affecting Fertility which was
conducted in Indianapolis under the sponsorship of the Milbank..."
Review from Psychol. Abstracts 1927-58 p. 2082; see use made of this
study by Frederick Osborn q.v.); "Methodological Lessons of the
Indianapolis Fertility Study" 1956 Eugenics Quarterly 3, 152-56; "Number
of children in relation to fertility planning and socioeconomic status"
1949 Eugenical News 34, 33-43; Group Differences in Urban Fertility. 1942
(USPHS survey using WPA money)
Source: EQ 1964-68; SB 1971, F. O. Hist; Osborne list
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Krech, Mrs. Shephard - Director 1936; v. p. 1939-46; Director 1947-58
Personal:
Maternity Center Association, NY (Pres., 1946-51; Treasurer 1952-58;
Birth Control Federation of America, Advisory Council 1939; Citizens
Committee for Planned Parenthood 1939
Source: AESM, April 1936; EN 1939-53; EQ 1955-58; BCR, April 1939; BCR,
Feb./March 1939
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Laughlin, Harry Hamilton - Pres., 1927-28; Director 1926, 1929-31
Personal:
b. 1880 Iowa; d. Jan 26, 1943; Eugenics Record Office (Founder 1910,
Supt. 1910-21, in charge 1921-40); Expert Eugenic Agent for Cttee on
Immigration House of Reps 1921-31 (Committee responsible for the Johnson
Act by means of which the Jews attempting to flee Hitler were excluded,
including Arno Motulsky q.v.); in charge of research on genetics of
thoroughbred horse since 1923 (see Margaret Sanger's slogan "breeding a
race of thoroughbreds"); worked on Buck v. Bell decision; Pres., Pioneer
Fund from its inception to 1941; educ. Princeton ScD 1917; epileptic;
childless by choice; Representative to International Federation of
Eugenics Organizations (IFEO) for Eugenics Research Association (elected
at New York Congress, 1921); Mem: Permanent Emigration Comm. of
International Labor Office (ILO), League of Nations 1925; eugenics
associate, Psychopathic Laboratory, Municipal Court, Chicago, 1921-30
(see Olsen q.v. and "Eugenical Sterilization in the United States,
Municipal Court Chicago" 1922); Member: Galton Society, Eugenics Research
Assn. (Sec. Treas., 1917-39), International Comm. Eugenics since 1921;
Secretary, Third International Congress Eugenics 1932; Citizens Committee
for Planned Parenthood 1939
Publications:
1916-39, Assoc. editor, Eugenical News; 1919 State Institutions for the
Defective, Dependent and Delinquent Classes. Bureau of the Census The
General formula of Heredity. 1933; A Decade of Progress in Eugenics. 1934
(ed.); Racing Capacity in the Thoroughbred Horse. 1934; Conquest by
Immigration. 1939; Current Studies on Race Conditions in the United
States.; Model Eugenical Sterilization Law (copied by Hitler; how ironic
that its principle was approved by Brandeis)
Background:
Sterilization for being "white trash":
In 1924 Laughlin wrote a "Scientific Analysis" of Carrie Buck's heredity
for the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, which was
run by Supt. Bell. The analysis said that Carrie Buck and her mother
"... belong to the shiftless, ignorant and worthless class of anti-social
whites of the South ... the evidence points strongly toward the
feeblemindedness and moral delinquency of Carrie Buck being due,
primarily to inheritance ... 'a potential parent of socially inadequate
offspring'". As a result, the coercive sterilization of Carrie Buck was
approved by a Supreme Court which included W. H. Taft, Oliver Wendell
Holmes Jr. and Louis Brandeis. Justice Holmes received a letter from H.
Laski, a protege of Francis Galton, which, in referring to this decision,
said: "Sterilize all the unfit, among whom I include all fundamentalists"
(quoted in Chase, p. 316.)
The Buck v. Bell decision was cited in Roe. v. Wade. Consequently, at
present anyone who is a potential parent of socially worthless offspring,
especially "white trash", can be coercively sterilized or aborted if the
State wishes. Various decisions by the Court over the years from 1973 to
1993 have been carefully crafted to retain this right for the State while
seeming to uphold freedom of choice.
Background on International Labor Organization (ILO):
"this organization is primarily interested in the influence of changes of
populations on the standard of living generally ... employment ... and
... migration" ARTW, Nov. 1953
Quote:
Orphans are "socially inadequate":
" The socially inadequate classes ... [from 1 to 9] ... and (10)
Dependent (including orphans..." quoted in Chase p. 134
Source: AESM 1926, 1930; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; WWWIA; EN 1934; F. O.
Hist.; Chase; BCR, April 1939
Lindzey, Prof. Gardner - Director 1966-1971 (March), 1972 (December
1972)-1973, 1976-1978; Pres., 1979-81; Director 1985-87
Personal:
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 197678, 1984-87;
Harvard University 1973-74; University of Texas 1966-71 (Professor of
Psychology, 1966-68)
Publications:
1989 A History of Psychology in Autobiography Vol. 8, (reviewed in 1989
Science, July 14, p. 202); 1988 (1973, 1957) Theories of Personality,
1957 w/ Calvin S. Hall (2nd editon 1970, repr. 1988) Psychology, 1985;
The Handbook of Social Psychology., 5 Vol., 2nd edition 1968-69 (3rd.
edition 1985), ed. w/ Elliot Aronson, Addison Wesley; An Assessment of
Research Doctorate Programs in the United States. 1982 National Academy
Press; Projective Techniques in Cross Cultural Research, 1976; Race
Differences in Intelligence 1975 w/ J.C. Loehlin q.v., J. N. Spuhler q.v.
(San Francisco, Freeman) Under the auspices of the Social Sciences
Research Council's Committee on Biological Basis of Social Behavior;
Study of Values 1970 w/ G. W. Allport, P. E. Vernon 1970; Contributions
to Behavior Genetic Analysis: the mouse as prototype. 1969 w/ Delbert
Theissen. New York, Appleton Century Crofts (Century Psychology Series);
"Behavioral and morphological variation" 1967 in Genetic Diversity and
Human Behavior. (Ed., J. Spuhler q.v.); Assessment of Human Motives 1958
(repr., in print 1994)
Background:
Other publications by Delbert Theissen: 1980 "Human Assortative Mating
and Genetic Equilibrium: an evolutionary perspective" 1980 Ethology and
Sociobiology, v. 1:111 ff
Source: EQ 1966-68; SB 1969-71 (June 1971), 1972 December, 1973-74,
1976-81, 1984-87; Osborne list
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Little, C. C. - Pres. 1928-29; Director 1926-1931
Personal:
President, University of Michigan
Publications:
1935 "A New Deal for Mice" Scientific American, Jan.
Source: AESM 1926, 1928; Eugenics, Feb., 1929
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loomis, Robin U. - Secretary/ Treasurer 1991-1993
Personal:
East-West Population Institute, East West Center, 1777 East West Rd.,
Honolulu, HI 96848; (see R. Retherford q.v.)
Background:
The East West Institute was founded and funded by Congress through AID.
Researchers, such as A. Coale, working there produce evidence in favor of
China's coercive population policy. Does this mean that support of
China's coercive population policy is US policy? (see also Retherford,
the Society president in 1991)
Source: SB 1991, 1993; a guide to institutes; US Budget 1992; National
Catholic Register
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lorimer, Prof. Frank - offered post on Executive Cttee 1936 but declined
because of "government activities"; Director 1939-65, 1969-72; v.p.
1966-68
Personal:
Professor of Population Studies, American University, Washington DC
1940-65; Deep River, Connecticut 1969-72; New Zealand
Publications:
1970 (1954) Culture and Human Fertility: a study of the relations of
cultural conditions to fertility in non industrial and transitional
societies., w/ a contribution by Meyer Fortes, New York, Greenwood Press
(first published by UNESCO, Paris, 1954, repr. 1970 Greenwood Press);
"Trends in capacity for intelligence" Eugenical News, 1952, 37, 17-24
("evidence indicates a low negative association between a genetic
capacity for intelligence and fertility" review from Psych. Abstracts
1927-58 p. 2389); The Population of the Soviet Union: History and
Prospects. (1946 League of Nations, repr. AMS Press, in print 1994);
Foundations of American Population Policy. 1940; Dynamics of Population:
social and biological significance of changing birth rates in the United
States. 1934 w/ Frederick Osborn q.v. (origin of soft genocide);
differential fertility
Source: AESM Oct. 1936; EN 1939-53; EQ 1954-68; SB 1969-72 (March 1972)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Osborn, Major General Frederick - Director 1935; sec. 1936; Sec./Treas.
1936-45 (1940 Treas. only); Pres., 1946-52; Secretary 1954-59; Secretary/
Treasurer 1960-68; Treasurer 1969-73; Director 1969-72; Member 1974
Significance:
The most significant figure in the Society from 1938 until his death in
1973 was a secret racist; developed the "eugenic hypothesis" "voluntary
unconscious selection" and "cryptoeugenics" and "reform eugenics" which
were the most significant post war policies of the Society; was President
of the Pioneer Fund from 1947 to 1956; sympathized with idea of deporting
the African Americans to Africa but did not consider it a practical
possibility
Personal:
b. 1889; nephew of H. F. Osborn Sr. q.v.; relative of Osborn of the
railroads; connected through his family with many of the significant
eugenic families such as the Dodges of Phelps Dodge; Princeton 1910;
father was on the Board of Trustees of Princeton and helped found the
Office of Population Research at Princeton; Trinity College, Cambridge,
England 1911; chief of the domino warehouses during World War I, i.e.,
Red Cross Field Officer; worked in finance; financed Third Eugenical
Congress (i.e., advanced seed money, paid debts at end; see Chase p.
326); 1937 helps found Pioneer Fund, a racist group; 1939 Citizens
Committee for Planned Parenthood; 1940 Research Associate in
anthropology, American Museum of Natural History which was founded by his
uncle; 1940 took part in Birth Control Federation of America's symposium
on "Race Building in a Democracy", where he spoke on eugenics; Chmn.,
Advisory Committee on Selective Service during World War II (see P.E.
Vernon (ES), A.D. BuchananSmith (ES), D.W. LaRue q.v. and John Flanagan
to form an idea of the extent of eugenic influence over officer and cook
selection; Major General in Charge of Morale, World War II (this became
Information and Education); Morale is propaganda on the home front, so it
is here that he developed propaganda skills used in propaganda
strategies, such as that set forth in "Galton and Mid Century Eugenics;
Destroyed unit cohesion in the US Army by introducing system of
individual rather than unit return; The American Soldier; US
representative on Atomic Energy Commission (see W.J. Schull, H.
Newcombe); Pioneer Fund (Pres. 1947-56); American Eugenics Society (Pres.
1946-52); "reformed" eugenics; co-founder with John D. Rockefeller III of
the Population Council 1953 (Staff 1969-72); 'furthered the establishment
of UN Demographic training centres" (Obit); Member, American Society of
Human Genetics 1954; Population Assn. of America 1940-45; Eugenical News,
Advisory Board 1936
Publications:
1974 "History of the American Eugenics Society", Social Biology, v. 21,
2; 1968 The Future of Human Heredity: an Introduction to Eugenics in
Modern Society.; 1965 "Biological Aspects of Social Problems", Eugenics
Review, v. 57, p. 182; 1963 "Excess and Unwanted Fertility", Eugenics
Quarterly, v. 10, 2; 1963 "Eugenics and the Races of Man", Eugenics
Quarterly, v. 10, p. 103 1960 "A return to the principles of natural
selection", Eugenics Quarterly 10:103-09; 1956 "Galton and Mid Century
Eugenics", (Galton Lecture, Eugenics Review; 1952 "The Eugenic
Hypothesis: (i) "Positive Eugenics" Eugenics Review, April, p. 31 (ii)
Negative Eugenics" Eugenics Review, 1952-53; 1951 Preface to Eugenics;
1940 Preface to Eugenics. (rev. ed 1951); 1937 "Implications of the new
studies in population and psychology for the development of eugenic
philosophy" Eugenical News, 22, 62-63; 1936 "Measures of Quality in the
Study of Population", Annals of the American Academy of Political
Science, 188, 194-204; 1934 Dynamics of Population. w/ Frank Lorimer q.v.
(based on data from Yerkes q.v. according to the bibliography in The
Future of Human Heredity, Frederick Osborn 1968, p. 124); 1934 "Eugenics
and Social Economic Goals for America", w/ M. A. Bigelow q.v. Eugenical
News 19, 71-75; 1933 Heredity and Environment: studies in the genesis of
psychological characteristics w/ G. Schwesinger q.v., MacMillan (also
publish ed as Studies in social eugenics, monograph no. 7 of the Eugenics
Research Association); Editorial Committee, Eugenical News 1940-52
Background:
Frederick Osborn "reformed" eugenics by proposing that eugenicists
conceal their true goal, which was, and is, to control human evolution by
limiting marriage and parenthood to the superior stocks. He believed
that less than ten percent of the population were worthy to have
children. But he proposed that eugenicists never mention their
conviction that most children should never have been born. Eugenicists
were to assert instead a hypocritical concern for the welfare of the
children of the inferior. This is the origin of Planned Parenthood's oft
repeated slogan "Every child a wanted child".
In reality, the eugenicists hope to manipulate the social and economic
climate so that children unwanted by the eugenicists will be miserable
and their miserable parents will "spontaneously" cease to want them.
Ceasing to have children due to manipulation by eugenicists is called
"voluntary unconscious selection" or, in other words, "CHOICE".
This project is laid out in the Galton lecture, "Galton and Mid Century
Eugenics" which Osborn delivered in 1956 (Appendix A).
In addition, Osborn was deeply involved with the Pioneer Fund. In 1939
the Pioneer Fund generously offered to guarantee a college education to
the child born to any Air Force officer in 1940 if the officer had three
children already. But memos from the Pioneer Fund show that a pre study
by John C. Flanagan had proved that such an offer would, in the majority
of cases, benefit white people whose ancestors were in America before the
Constitution was signed. Otherwise the offer would not have been made.
This is a model for the racism of Frederick Osborn. He made universal
offers which pre studies had shown would benefit white people the most.
In discussing "reform eugenics" he generally says that Madison Grant did
not have a scientific basis for his theories, which were the Aryan racism
of Count Gobineau. And he condemns the "propagandistic eugenics" of the
Thirties.
But he does not mean that he opposes racism. He means that a scientific
basis should be provided for the assertion that white "stock" is better.
He means that until the scientific basis has been provided, the
propaganda should not begin. In 1969 Arthur Jensen and others thought
that the work of Cyril Burt had provided such a basis. But Burt was
shown to be a fraud.
In 1992 J. P. Rushton, Linda Gottfredson (SSSB), H. J. Eysenck (ES), F.
J. C. McGurk (AES), and others from the Mankind Quarterly-
Aryan-supremacy axis are trying again. Races which did not struggle with
the glaciers in the Ice Age did not develop large brains (Zegura). These
"r" people have small heads (Hooten and Howell), large sex organs, low
IQ's (Univ. of Minnesota eugenic crowd), and criminal tendencies. (J. P.
Rushton, Federal Violence Initiative). They should be detected early and
given preventative treatment such as female hormones for the boys, male
hormones and for the girls (J. Richard Udry, Planned Parenthood, B.
Hamburg, D. Hamburger).
The American Eugenics Society had two goals: research and propaganda. In
the Thirties, the Eugenics Research Association did the research and the
American Eugenics Society did the propaganda. "Reform eugenics" simply
means that the American Eugenics Society is to do no propaganda until its
research is complete.
Even then the propaganda is not to be of the kind common in the Thirties.
No one is to be told that they are second rate.
Osborn or someone else had noticed that the left supported eugenics too.
Ever since John Stuart Mill the left had said that the work force should
be reduced in order to make the bosses pay more in wages while the right
had said that those on welfare should be reduced in order to lower taxes.
Really each side was talking about a different group.
But Osborn decided to adopt the language of the left in speaking of the
welfare group. As a result the left would support his proposals. If he
said that the number of babies should be reduced in order that the others
have more, the left could not argue with him. Or if he said that the
number of poor babies should be reduced in order to improve the
environment of the others, they couldn't argue.
In fact, pre studies had shown that this argument means "reduce the
number of African-Americans". Instead of combating the results of
racism, get rid of the "results of racism" i.e. the African-Americans.
So Mr. Pioneer Fund liked it. And it does not require a direct
confrontation; PR tricks, the eugenic strategy can come into play.
That is why Osborn was in the Pioneer Fund while appearing to oppose
racism in the American Eugenics Society without qualms of conscience.
There is no doubt he was a racist. He told Wickliffe Draper that he
sympathized with his wish to deport the African Americans. He was
President of the Pioneer Fund. He proposed a that the Pioneer Fund pay
for a study of the Puerto Ricans:
"1. A research program in differential fertility, public information and
family limitation in Puerto Rico, using Puerto Rico as an ideal set up
and testing ground. Most of the population is of very low quality* and
increasing rapidly in numbers. A study on how to control such a
population would have wide repercussions."
* "quality" is crossed out and "economic" is added and "level" is
substituted (see facing page) so that it is quite plain that "low
quality" and "low economic level" were synonyms for Osborn. In any case,
he wanted to encourage "good stock" so that when he talks of "how to
control such a population" it is clear that he thinks of the island as
"bad stock". It is, of course, Catholic.
Quotes:
To Wickliffe Draper:
"I still think our ultimate aims are very similar but I recognize that we
go about them in such different ways that it is very hard to find a
common ground." (on the occasion of resigning as President of the Pioneer
Fund, Jan. 14, 1956
from Osborn's 1968 book, The Future of Human Heredity:
On Eugenics:
--"An even more serious threat to the genetic equilibrium is the saving
of life through new medical techniques and improved public health
measures" Future of Human Heredity p. 81
--under Hitler "Eugenic proposals had been enacted into law without the
scientific evidence to support them" Future of Human Heredity, p. 86;
"The old proposals had no solid scientific basis; the newer eugenic
policies are based on recent large-scale studies of population trends in
this country and on the recent findings of geneticists, sociologists, and
psychologists ... The new eugenic policies do not give offense ...
Everyone wants children to be wanted children ... Future of Human
Heredity p. 105
--"Heredity clinics are the first eugenic proposals that have been
adopted in a practical form and accepted by the public. ... The word
eugenics is not associated with them." Future of Human Heredity p. 91
--"... at a level somewhat above that of the mentally deficient, there
are a substantial number of families among whom employment is irregular,
who are constantly on and off relief ... their birth rate is high ...
probably as many as half their children result from pregnancies that are
not wanted at the time, or ever, by one or both parents ... A reduction
in the number of their unwanted children would further both the social
and biological improvement of the population" Future of Human Heredity p.
93-94
-- "People ... won't accept the idea that they are in general, second
rate. We must rely on other motivation ... a system of voluntary
unconscious selection ... Let's base our proposals on the desirability of
having children born in homes where they will get affectionate and
responsible care ...(so that eugenics) ...will move at last towards the
high goal which Galton set for it."(from Galton lecture by Frederick
Osborn ER 1956-57, p. 21-22; also quoted in Obit, Bulletin of the Eugenic
Society, 1981 p. 47...)
---- "Eugenic goals are most likely to be attained under a name other
than eugenics" Future of Human Heredity p. 104
--"The most important eugenic policy at this time is to see that birth
control is made equally available to all individuals in every class of
society" (1968) Future of Human Heredity p. 98
--He saw " fluctuations of birth rates and gene pools not as competition
between super races subject to emotional value judgments, but as the
results of natural events, and as subject to study and verification as
any other natural process" (his son on Osborn quoted in Obit, Bulletin of
the Eugenic Society 1981 p. 47)
--"environmental pressures... there is certainly a possibility that these
pressures can be given a better direction and can be brought to bear on a
majority of the population instead of a minority" (from "The Eugenic
Hypothesis (i) Positive Eugenics")
..."social and psychological pressures brought to bear on young people
and parents" (from "The Eugenic Hypothesis (ii) Negative Eugenics" p. 97)
Purpose of the Eugenics Society:
"...to seek out the genetically valuable individuals ... with the attempt
to reduce births among the less valuable"
Means:
1. Manipulate the Environment "... environmental pressures ... there is
certainly a possibility that these pressures can be given a better
direction and can be brought to bear on a majority of the population
instead of a minority" "... social and psychological pressures brought
to bear on young people and parents" "... if we can succeed in giving
direction to social forces which will effect this kind of environmental
selection" "selection based on early success in responding to the
environment"
2. Manipulate Attitudes "the new methods for gathering objective data on
individual and group attitudes and motivations and their statistical
analysis ... (are) ... tools for working on some of the possible
applications of science to human affairs" "... the proposal ... would
be put forward on the ground that more children would grow up in the best
home environments, with no public argument made for eugenics." (Source:
"The Eugenic Hypothesis" (1) Positive Eugenics (2) Negative Eugenics ER
April & July 1952; "Galton and Mid Century Eugenics" Galton Lecture 1956)
3. Supply Contraceptives and Abortion "... there are means of selection
which do not require that we humiliate ... when family planning has
spread to all members of the population and means of effective
contraception are readily available ..." couples will have children in
relation to their income, that is, in relation to their socially valuable
qualities.
The Eugenic Hypothesis: This holds that social situations can be so
manipulated that the wrong sort of people will "choose" not to have the
children. For example, Robert Moses refused to put any money into parks
in Harlem as Robert Caro has shown in his biography of Moses, Robert
Moses and the Fall of New York.
Now blacks are aborting their children because Harlem is not a good place
to raise them. If this had been done by Rockefeller or Harriman it would
be an application of the eugenic hypothesis; it is a perfect example of
how the theory would work in practice. However it was not done by them.
It was done by Robert Moses - while they were Governors of New York.
Source: AESM 1935; EN, May/June 1936; EN 1940-52; F. O. Hist of AES; EQ
1954-68; SB 1969-72; Chase; Birth Control Review 1940 #3 Annual Meeting
Program; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954;
BCR, April 1939; Osborne list; ER 1957; Current Biography; Obit in
Bulletin of the Eugenic Society 1981 p. 47
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
